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ページテーブルスキャニング

概要

ubuntu の 64bit において，あるプロセスのページテーブルをスキャンするカーネルモジュールを作成する．

Page Map Level 4

x86-64 では，ページング機構として，ページマップレベル 4 を導入しており，それぞれのアドレス変換テーブルは，PML4，PDPT，PD，PT と呼ばれる．
割り当てることができるページサイズ 4KB，2MB，1GB の３通りが用意されており，それぞれのページングは，次のようになる．

Linux の 64bit においても，4 段アドレス変換テーブルが採用されている． Linux では，アドレス変換テーブルは，PGD，PUD，PMD，PTE と呼ばれ，それぞれのテーブルは，512 個のエントリから成る．
PGD へのポインタは，cr3 レジスタが担っており，この cr3 レジスタの値を変更することで，プロセス毎のアドレス空間の切り替えを実現している．

Linux におけるマクロ

Linux では，ページングに関わる多くのマクロが用意されており，以下のヘッダファイルをインクルードすることで利用可能となる．

<asm/pgtable.h>
自分の環境では，以下のパスにファイルがあった．
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.4.0-21/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable.h

関連するマクロは以下の通りである．

macro/funcContens
static inline int pgd_none(pgd_t pgd)pgd エントリの有無を確認する
static inline int pud_none(pud_t pud)pud エントリの有無を確認する
static inline int pmd_none(pmd_t pmd)pmd エントリの有無を確認する
static inline int pte_none(pte_t pte)pte エントリの有無を確認する
pgd_offset_k(address)仮想アドレスから対応する pgd エントリのポインタを返す
static inline pud_t *pud_offset(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address)pgd エントリへのポインタと仮想アドレスから対応する pud エントリのポインタを返す
static inline pmd_t *pmd_offset(pud_t *pud, unsigned long address)pud エントリへのポインタと仮想アドレスから対応する pmd エントリのポインタを返す
static inline pte_t *pte_offset_kernel(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address)pmd エントリへのポインタと仮想アドレスから対応する pte エントリのポインタを返す
static inline unsigned long pgd_page_vaddr(pgd_t pgd)pgd エントリから pud の仮想アドレスを返す
static inline unsigned long pud_page_vaddr(pud_t pud)pud エントリから pmd の仮想アドレスを返す
static inline unsigned long pmd_page_vaddr(pmd_t pmd)pmd エントリから pte の仮想アドレスを返す

実装

ページテーブルのスキャニングは非常に単純である． 前述した通り，Linux64bit では 4 段ページテーブルであり，それぞれのテーブルは 512 個のエントリから成る． よって，4 重ループ回せばよい．

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void page_table_scanning(pgd_t **pgdp)
{
	pgd_t *pgd; /* PML4 */
	pud_t *pud; /* PDP(T) */
	pmd_t *pmd; /* PD */
	pte_t *pt; /* PT */

	pgd = *pgdp;
	for (u64 i = 0; i < 512; ++i) {	/* 512GB loop */
		pgd_t *pgde = &pgd[i];
		if ( pgd_none(*pgde) || unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgde)) ) {
			continue;
		}
		printk("%03d pgd: %p pgde: %p\n", i, pgde, *pgde);

		pud = (pud_t *)pgd_page_vaddr(*pgde);
		for (u64 j = 0; j < 512; ++j) {	/* 1GB loop */
			pud_t *pude = &pud[j];
			if ( pud_none(*pude) || unlikely(pud_bad(*pude)) )
				continue;

			if ( pud_large(*pude) ) {	/* 1GB LARGE_PAGE ? */
				printk("%03d-%30d pud: %p pude: %p\n", i, j, pude, *pude);
				continue; /* 1GB page */
			}
			printk("%03d-%03d pud: %p pude: %p\n", i, j, pude, *pude);

			pmd = (pmd_t *)pud_page_vaddr(*pude);
			for (u64 k = 0; k < 512; ++k) {	/* 2MB loop */
				pmd_t *pmde = &pmd[k];
				if ( pmd_none(*pmde) || unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmde)) )
					continue;

				if ( pmd_large(*pmde) ) {	/* 2MB LARGE_PAGE ? */
					printk("%03d-%03d-%03d pmd: %p pmde: %p\n", i, j, k, pmde, *pmde);
					continue; /* 2MB page */
				}
				printk("%03d-%03d-%03d pmd: %p pmde: %p\n", i, j, k, pmde, *pmde);

				pt = (pte_t *)pmd_page_vaddr(*pmde);
				for (u64 l = 0; l < 512; ++l) {	/* 4KB loop */
					pte_t *pte = &pt[l];
					if ( pte_none(*pte) )
						continue;

//					printk("%3d-%3d-%3d-%3d pt: %p pte: %p\n", i, j, k, l, pte, *pte);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return;
}

実行結果

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sudo ./a.out
dmesg -wH

[  +0.000006] 000 pgd: ffff88008a3e0000 pgde: 000000008a0fa067
[  +0.000005] 000-000 pud: ffff88008a0fa000 pude: 000000008a3dc067
[  +0.000006] 000-000-002 pmd: ffff88008a3dc010 pmde: 000000008a3b9067
[  +0.000006] 000-000-003 pmd: ffff88008a3dc018 pmde: 00000000c4b13067
[  +0.000006] 000-000-008 pmd: ffff88008a3dc040 pmde: 000000008a240067
[  +0.000015] 254 pgd: ffff88008a3e07f0 pgde: 000000008098e067
[  +0.000007] 254-137 pud: ffff88008098e448 pude: 000000008a2a1067
[  +0.000006] 254-137-002 pmd: ffff88008a2a1010 pmde: 0000000080a71067
[  +0.000006] 254-137-003 pmd: ffff88008a2a1018 pmde: 00000000ac92e067
[  +0.000006] 254-137-004 pmd: ffff88008a2a1020 pmde: 00000000d466b067
[  +0.000006] 254-137-005 pmd: ffff88008a2a1028 pmde: 000000008a159067
[  +0.000010] 255 pgd: ffff88008a3e07f8 pgde: 00000000c7f1b067
[  +0.000010] 255-498 pud: ffff8800c7f1bf90 pude: 000000008a007067
[  +0.000008] 255-498-271 pmd: ffff88008a007878 pmde: 000000008a1ed067
[  +0.000006] 272 pgd: ffff88008a3e0880 pgde: 00000000031fe067
[  +0.000006] 272-000 pud: ffff8800031fe000 pude: 00000000031ff067
[  +0.000006] 272-000-000 pmd: ffff8800031ff000 pmde: 0000000003200067
[  +0.000007] 272-000-020 pmd: ffff8800031ff0a0 pmde: 000000021148d063
[  +0.000006] 272-000-022 pmd: ffff8800031ff0b0 pmde: 0000000216905063
[  +0.000006] 272-000-025 pmd: ffff8800031ff0c8 pmde: 0000000216906063
[  +0.000008] 272-000-426 pmd: ffff8800031ffd50 pmde: 00000000358a6063
[  +0.000006] 272-000-427 pmd: ffff8800031ffd58 pmde: 00000000d5976063
[  +0.000006] 272-000-428 pmd: ffff8800031ffd60 pmde: 000000003596b063
[  +0.000006] 272-000-429 pmd: ffff8800031ffd68 pmde: 0000000210876063
[  +0.000005] 272-002 pud: ffff8800031fe010 pude: 00000000b4102063
[  +0.000006] 272-002-004 pmd: ffff8800b4102020 pmde: 0000000080806063
[  +0.000006] 272-002-005 pmd: ffff8800b4102028 pmde: 000000008a0f5063
[  +0.000007] 272-002-080 pmd: ffff8800b4102280 pmde: 00000000acb87063
[  +0.000005] 272-002-081 pmd: ffff8800b4102288 pmde: 000000008a0fe063
[  +0.000008] 272-002-356 pmd: ffff8800b4102b20 pmde: 00000000ac92b063
[  +0.000006] 272-002-357 pmd: ffff8800b4102b28 pmde: 00000000aca56063
[  +0.000007] 272-002-416 pmd: ffff8800b4102d00 pmde: 00000000b4101063
[  +0.000006] 272-002-417 pmd: ffff8800b4102d08 pmde: 000000008a0a2063
[  +0.000006] 272-002-477 pmd: ffff8800b4102ee8 pmde: 00000000bbb0e063
[  +0.000006] 272-003 pud: ffff8800031fe018 pude: 000000021f5ff067
[  +0.000006] 272-003-036 pmd: ffff88021f5ff120 pmde: 00000000c4877063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-037 pmd: ffff88021f5ff128 pmde: 00000000c4af4063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-063 pmd: ffff88021f5ff1f8 pmde: 00000000c7fa3063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-112 pmd: ffff88021f5ff380 pmde: 0000000216903063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-114 pmd: ffff88021f5ff390 pmde: 00000000ce525063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-115 pmd: ffff88021f5ff398 pmde: 00000000ce577063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-126 pmd: ffff88021f5ff3f0 pmde: 000000021f5fe067
[  +0.000006] 272-003-127 pmd: ffff88021f5ff3f8 pmde: 0000000003202067
[  +0.000005] 272-003-136 pmd: ffff88021f5ff440 pmde: 0000000216901063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-155 pmd: ffff88021f5ff4d8 pmde: 00000002168fd063
[  +0.000005] 272-003-158 pmd: ffff88021f5ff4f0 pmde: 00000000d62cd063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-159 pmd: ffff88021f5ff4f8 pmde: 00000000d3fde063
[  +0.000005] 272-003-160 pmd: ffff88021f5ff500 pmde: 00000000d42d4063
[  +0.000004] 272-003-161 pmd: ffff88021f5ff508 pmde: 00000000d422c063
[  +0.000005] 272-003-162 pmd: ffff88021f5ff510 pmde: 00000000d46f0063
[  +0.000005] 272-003-163 pmd: ffff88021f5ff518 pmde: 00000000d4f0f063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-166 pmd: ffff88021f5ff530 pmde: 00000002168fa063
[  +0.000005] 272-003-167 pmd: ffff88021f5ff538 pmde: 00000000d3d63063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-172 pmd: ffff88021f5ff560 pmde: 00000000d3cd2063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-173 pmd: ffff88021f5ff568 pmde: 00000000d953d063
[  +0.000005] 272-003-176 pmd: ffff88021f5ff580 pmde: 000000003584e063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-177 pmd: ffff88021f5ff588 pmde: 00000002168fb063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-184 pmd: ffff88021f5ff5c0 pmde: 00000000d52f2063
[  +0.000005] 272-003-185 pmd: ffff88021f5ff5c8 pmde: 00000000d73fb063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-202 pmd: ffff88021f5ff650 pmde: 0000000035aa4063
[  +0.000005] 272-003-203 pmd: ffff88021f5ff658 pmde: 00000000d9675063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-204 pmd: ffff88021f5ff660 pmde: 00000002168f8063
[  +0.000005] 272-003-209 pmd: ffff88021f5ff688 pmde: 0000000003203067
[  +0.000006] 272-003-210 pmd: ffff88021f5ff690 pmde: 00000002168f3063
[  +0.000005] 272-003-217 pmd: ffff88021f5ff6c8 pmde: 00000002168f4063
[  +0.000006] 272-003-231 pmd: ffff88021f5ff738 pmde: 000000021f5fd067
[  +0.000005] 272-003-448 pmd: ffff88021f5ffe00 pmde: 00000002168f1063
[  +0.000004] 272-003-502 pmd: ffff88021f5fffb0 pmde: 00000002168ee063
[  +0.000005] 272-006 pud: ffff8800031fe030 pude: 00000001c26b0063
[  +0.000006] 272-006-182 pmd: ffff8801c26b05b0 pmde: 0000000196d12063
[  +0.000006] 272-006-386 pmd: ffff8801c26b0c10 pmde: 00000001c257f063
[  +0.000005] 272-006-387 pmd: ffff8801c26b0c18 pmde: 00000001b0708063
[  +0.000006] 272-007 pud: ffff8800031fe038 pude: 00000000c7d4f063
[  +0.000005] 272-007-018 pmd: ffff8800c7d4f090 pmde: 00000001c2453063
[  +0.000005] 272-007-019 pmd: ffff8800c7d4f098 pmde: 00000001c262a063
[  +0.000007] 272-007-188 pmd: ffff8800c7d4f5e0 pmde: 0000000212114063
[  +0.000005] 272-007-189 pmd: ffff8800c7d4f5e8 pmde: 00000001d7af5063
[  +0.000006] 272-007-240 pmd: ffff8800c7d4f780 pmde: 00000001de001063
[  +0.000006] 272-007-241 pmd: ffff8800c7d4f788 pmde: 0000000208230063
[  +0.000005] 272-007-298 pmd: ffff8800c7d4f950 pmde: 000000020a344063
[  +0.000004] 272-007-299 pmd: ffff8800c7d4f958 pmde: 00000001e556f063
[  +0.000004] 272-007-476 pmd: ffff8800c7d4fee0 pmde: 00000001fb963063
[  +0.000003] 272-007-494 pmd: ffff8800c7d4ff70 pmde: 00000000c7d8c063
[  +0.000003] 272-007-495 pmd: ffff8800c7d4ff78 pmde: 00000001d7b04063
[  +0.000003] 272-008 pud: ffff8800031fe040 pude: 0000000003201067
[  +0.000003] 272-008-020 pmd: ffff8800032010a0 pmde: 0000000202829063
[  +0.000004] 272-008-021 pmd: ffff8800032010a8 pmde: 0000000202a0d063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-054 pmd: ffff8800032011b0 pmde: 0000000208218063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-055 pmd: ffff8800032011b8 pmde: 0000000206ea0063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-064 pmd: ffff880003201200 pmde: 0000000208157063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-065 pmd: ffff880003201208 pmde: 0000000208278063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-080 pmd: ffff880003201280 pmde: 00000001fb9d1063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-081 pmd: ffff880003201288 pmde: 0000000208158063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-132 pmd: ffff880003201420 pmde: 0000000210875063
[  +0.000004] 272-008-133 pmd: ffff880003201428 pmde: 0000000211084063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-136 pmd: ffff880003201440 pmde: 00000002110e5063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-137 pmd: ffff880003201448 pmde: 000000021128f063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-138 pmd: ffff880003201450 pmde: 000000021172f063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-139 pmd: ffff880003201458 pmde: 0000000211712063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-141 pmd: ffff880003201468 pmde: 0000000211734063
[  +0.000002] 272-008-142 pmd: ffff880003201470 pmde: 00000001de0b5063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-143 pmd: ffff880003201478 pmde: 0000000208194063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-144 pmd: ffff880003201480 pmde: 00000000d46e9063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-145 pmd: ffff880003201488 pmde: 000000020a33f063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-146 pmd: ffff880003201490 pmde: 0000000211214063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-148 pmd: ffff8800032014a0 pmde: 000000021540b063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-149 pmd: ffff8800032014a8 pmde: 00000000d5975063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-150 pmd: ffff8800032014b0 pmde: 0000000213938063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-151 pmd: ffff8800032014b8 pmde: 00000002128af063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-154 pmd: ffff8800032014d0 pmde: 0000000213470063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-155 pmd: ffff8800032014d8 pmde: 0000000212f06063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-156 pmd: ffff8800032014e0 pmde: 00000000d5889063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-157 pmd: ffff8800032014e8 pmde: 0000000213b63063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-160 pmd: ffff880003201500 pmde: 000000021408a063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-161 pmd: ffff880003201508 pmde: 0000000212f05063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-162 pmd: ffff880003201510 pmde: 0000000208195063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-163 pmd: ffff880003201518 pmde: 00000001de178063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-166 pmd: ffff880003201530 pmde: 0000000214e01063
[  +0.000003] 272-008-167 pmd: ffff880003201538 pmde: 0000000214e00063
[  +0.000004] 272-008-170 pmd: ffff880003201550 pmde: 000000021557d063
[  +0.000005] 272-008-171 pmd: ffff880003201558 pmde: 0000000213bc0063
[  +0.000012] 402 pgd: ffff88008a3e0c90 pgde: 00000002168a1067
[  +0.000005] 402-000 pud: ffff8802168a1000 pude: 00000002168a2067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-000 pmd: ffff8802168a2000 pmde: 00000002168a3067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-001 pmd: ffff8802168a2008 pmde: 0000000215d2c067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-002 pmd: ffff8802168a2010 pmde: 0000000215d2d067
[  +0.000004] 402-000-003 pmd: ffff8802168a2018 pmde: 0000000215d2e067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-004 pmd: ffff8802168a2020 pmde: 0000000215d2f067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-005 pmd: ffff8802168a2028 pmde: 0000000215932067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-006 pmd: ffff8802168a2030 pmde: 0000000215933067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-007 pmd: ffff8802168a2038 pmde: 0000000214d46067
[  +0.000004] 402-000-008 pmd: ffff8802168a2040 pmde: 0000000211ba1067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-009 pmd: ffff8802168a2048 pmde: 0000000035aa5067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-011 pmd: ffff8802168a2058 pmde: 000000021399f067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-013 pmd: ffff8802168a2068 pmde: 00000000d3c5a067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-014 pmd: ffff8802168a2070 pmde: 0000000206c93067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-015 pmd: ffff8802168a2078 pmde: 00000000c4bfc067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-016 pmd: ffff8802168a2080 pmde: 00000000359af067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-017 pmd: ffff8802168a2088 pmde: 00000000359c0067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-018 pmd: ffff8802168a2090 pmde: 00000000359c1067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-019 pmd: ffff8802168a2098 pmde: 00000000bb802067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-020 pmd: ffff8802168a20a0 pmde: 00000000bb811067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-021 pmd: ffff8802168a20a8 pmde: 00000001ea03a067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-022 pmd: ffff8802168a20b0 pmde: 00000001ea183067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-023 pmd: ffff8802168a20b8 pmde: 00000001ea0b2067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-024 pmd: ffff8802168a20c0 pmde: 00000001fba84067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-025 pmd: ffff8802168a20c8 pmde: 00000002029ad067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-026 pmd: ffff8802168a20d0 pmde: 00000001ea16e067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-027 pmd: ffff8802168a20d8 pmde: 00000001ea262067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-028 pmd: ffff8802168a20e0 pmde: 00000001ea117067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-029 pmd: ffff8802168a20e8 pmde: 00000000bbb6b067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-030 pmd: ffff8802168a20f0 pmde: 00000000bb9ec067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-031 pmd: ffff8802168a20f8 pmde: 00000000bb9cd067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-032 pmd: ffff8802168a2100 pmde: 00000000bb9f6067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-033 pmd: ffff8802168a2108 pmde: 00000001ea21f067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-034 pmd: ffff8802168a2110 pmde: 00000001ea059067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-035 pmd: ffff8802168a2118 pmde: 00000000ce4df067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-036 pmd: ffff8802168a2120 pmde: 00000000bb8a8067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-037 pmd: ffff8802168a2128 pmde: 00000001e5433067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-038 pmd: ffff8802168a2130 pmde: 00000001e5438067
[  +0.000006] 402-000-039 pmd: ffff8802168a2138 pmde: 00000001e5476067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-040 pmd: ffff8802168a2140 pmde: 00000000bb90e067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-041 pmd: ffff8802168a2148 pmde: 00000001e5441067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-042 pmd: ffff8802168a2150 pmde: 00000001e5446067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-043 pmd: ffff8802168a2158 pmde: 000000020a15f067
[  +0.000004] 402-000-044 pmd: ffff8802168a2160 pmde: 00000000acadb067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-045 pmd: ffff8802168a2168 pmde: 00000001e542b067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-046 pmd: ffff8802168a2170 pmde: 00000000b4247067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-047 pmd: ffff8802168a2178 pmde: 00000000b43f0067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-048 pmd: ffff8802168a2180 pmde: 0000000211f74067
[  +0.000004] 402-000-049 pmd: ffff8802168a2188 pmde: 00000001de35e067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-050 pmd: ffff8802168a2190 pmde: 000000020a08f067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-051 pmd: ffff8802168a2198 pmde: 00000000b4180067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-052 pmd: ffff8802168a21a0 pmde: 00000000ac808067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-053 pmd: ffff8802168a21a8 pmde: 00000000c4ae6067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-054 pmd: ffff8802168a21b0 pmde: 00000001de1dc067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-055 pmd: ffff8802168a21b8 pmde: 00000000b41c5067
[  +0.000004] 402-000-056 pmd: ffff8802168a21c0 pmde: 00000001de1e8067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-057 pmd: ffff8802168a21c8 pmde: 0000000211eca067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-058 pmd: ffff8802168a21d0 pmde: 00000000ac8a0067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-059 pmd: ffff8802168a21d8 pmde: 00000001de14d067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-060 pmd: ffff8802168a21e0 pmde: 000000020a110067
[  +0.000004] 402-000-061 pmd: ffff8802168a21e8 pmde: 00000001de141067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-062 pmd: ffff8802168a21f0 pmde: 00000000ac9a4067
[  +0.000005] 402-000-063 pmd: ffff8802168a21f8 pmde: 00000000d41c7067
[  +0.000012] 465 pgd: ffff88008a3e0e88 pgde: 0000000211443067
[  +0.000009] 465-511 pud: ffff880211443ff8 pude: 0000000211442067
[  +0.000007] 465-511-510 pmd: ffff880211442ff0 pmde: 0000000211441067
[  +0.000004] 468 pgd: ffff88008a3e0ea0 pgde: 000000021edf5067
[  +0.000005] 468-000 pud: ffff88021edf5000 pude: 000000021edf4067
[  +0.000011] 510 pgd: ffff88008a3e0ff0 pgde: 00000000030bf067
[  +0.000010] 511 pgd: ffff88008a3e0ff8 pgde: 0000000002e0d067
[  +0.000010] 511-507 pud: ffff880002e0dfd8 pude: 00000002168ef063
[  +0.000006] 511-507-464 pmd: ffff8802168efe80 pmde: 0000000216904063
[  +0.000005] 511-507-465 pmd: ffff8802168efe88 pmde: 0000000216902063
[  +0.000006] 511-507-474 pmd: ffff8802168efed0 pmde: 0000000216900063
[  +0.000005] 511-507-485 pmd: ffff8802168eff28 pmde: 00000002168fc063
[  +0.000005] 511-507-496 pmd: ffff8802168eff80 pmde: 00000002168f9063
[  +0.000005] 511-507-501 pmd: ffff8802168effa8 pmde: 00000002168f7063
[  +0.000004] 511-507-502 pmd: ffff8802168effb0 pmde: 00000002168f5063
[  +0.000005] 511-507-509 pmd: ffff8802168effe8 pmde: 00000002168f6063
[  +0.000005] 511-507-510 pmd: ffff8802168efff0 pmde: 00000002168f2063
[  +0.000005] 511-507-511 pmd: ffff8802168efff8 pmde: 00000002168f0063
[  +0.000005] 511-510 pud: ffff880002e0dff0 pude: 0000000002e0e063
[  +0.000005] 511-510-012 pmd: ffff880002e0e060 pmde: 000000021148c063
[  +0.000005] 511-510-015 pmd: ffff880002e0e078 pmde: 000000021148b063
[  +0.000005] 511-510-016 pmd: ffff880002e0e080 pmde: 0000000215977063
[  +0.000006] 511-511 pud: ffff880002e0dff8 pude: 0000000002e0f067
[  +0.000006] 511-511-000 pmd: ffff880002e0f000 pmde: 00000002116c5067
[  +0.000005] 511-511-001 pmd: ffff880002e0f008 pmde: 0000000035b6f067
[  +0.000005] 511-511-002 pmd: ffff880002e0f010 pmde: 0000000210b73067
[  +0.000006] 511-511-003 pmd: ffff880002e0f018 pmde: 0000000210b2b067
[  +0.000005] 511-511-004 pmd: ffff880002e0f020 pmde: 00000000d5900067
[  +0.000007] 511-511-505 pmd: ffff880002e0ffc8 pmde: 00000000030c1067
[  +0.000005] 511-511-506 pmd: ffff880002e0ffd0 pmde: 0000000002e10067
[  +0.000005] 511-511-507 pmd: ffff880002e0ffd8 pmde: 000000021f5ae067

参考

2 章 Linux カーネル - メモリ管理 1 - SlideShare
Linux の仮想 - 物理アドレスと、カーネル空間の概要(その 2)